Quick answers to the most common questions we get about non-toxic products and chemical safety.
PFAS & Cookware
What are PFAS and why do they matter?
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a family of synthetic chemicals used for their water- and grease-resistant properties. They persist in the environment and in the human body, and some are linked to health effects. They are commonly found in non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics, and some food packaging. Our PFAS in cookware guide explains the science.
Is non-stick cookware safe?
It depends on the coating. Older non-stick coatings historically used PFAS like PFOA; today’s pans vary widely. If you want to avoid PFAS entirely, look for uncoated stainless steel, cast iron, or ceramic options. See our best non-toxic cookware roundup for picks.
Do water filters remove PFAS?
Not all of them. Activated carbon filters reduce some PFAS, but reverse osmosis and certain ion-exchange systems are more effective for broad removal. Our best water filters for PFAS removal covers what actually works.
Ingredients & Products
What’s the difference between “non-toxic” and “fragrance-free”?
They are not the same. “Non-toxic” is a marketing term with no single regulatory definition, while “fragrance-free” means no added fragrance compounds (which can include undisclosed chemicals). Always check ingredient lists and third-party certifications rather than relying on a label.
What are phthalates and where are they found?
Phthalates are a group of chemicals used to make plastics flexible. They appear in some fragrances, vinyl products, and personal-care items. Some are linked to endocrine disruption. Our toxic chemicals in personal care guide covers them.
Are “natural” cleaning products actually safe?
“Natural” doesn’t automatically mean non-toxic — some natural compounds are irritants. The more useful question is whether a product is effective and free of known-harmful ingredients. See our non-toxic cleaning products that work for tested picks.
General
How do I check a product’s safety before buying?
Start with independent databases and ratings — the EWG Skin Deep database for personal care, and EWG’s tap-water and product guides. Our EWG Skin Deep database guide walks through how to use it.